Key Principles of Data Integrity (ALCOA+) Pharmaceutical companies follow the ALCOA+ principles: 1. Attributable – Data must show who performed the activity. 2. Legible – Data should be readable and permanent. 3. Contemporaneous – Data must be recorded at the time the activity occurs. 4. Original – The first recorded data or certified true copy … Read more
Types of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Solid, Liquid, Semi-Solid & Parenteral Pharmaceutical dosage forms are broadly classified into several categories: 1. Solid dosage forms 2. Liquid dosage forms 3. Semi-solid dosage forms 4. Parenteral formulations 5. Novel drug delivery systems 1. Solid Dosage Forms Solid dosage forms are the most common and widely used pharmaceutical formulations … Read more
Generic vs Branded Medicines: Introduction: generic medicines contain the same active ingredient, dosage, strength, and therapeutic effect but are usually sold at a lower cost after the original patent expires. Health authorities such as the World Health Organization and U.S. Food and Drug Administration state that approved generic medicines must meet the same quality, safety, … Read more
Difference between pH and pKa What Is pH The term “pH” indicates how basic or acidic a given solution is; therefore, it indicates the amount of H+ ions found within the respective solution(s). The following examples show how to classify various pH values and the amount of acidity in each scenario: pH Value = Acidic … Read more
Columns in HPLC 8 Types of HPLC Columns Explained: C8, C18, and More (Complete Guide) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is one of the most powerful analytical techniques used in pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food testing, and research laboratories. While pumps, detectors, and mobile phases are important, the HPLC column is the heart of the entire system. … Read more
